中国新生代的伸展构造
马杏垣,吴大宁,刘德良
摘要(Abstract)：
本文简要论述了中国新生代的伸展构造。新生代期间,中国东部在板块的分离运动和伸展构造作用下发生了区域裂陷,起初由于地壳残薄引起地壳沉降,随后由于热缩减使沉降加速进行。在中国西部,尤其是青藏高原,裂谷系发生在一个以板块聚合运动为主的造山环境中,因大陆碰撞和地体横向逃逸以及巨大的陆内转换边界而相应发生裂谷作用。中国的伸展构造可归为15个地堑系,东部11个,西部4个。它们呈现不同的构造样式:线形裂谷、盆—岭构造和走滑断裂伴生的拉分盆地。本文讨论了中国大陆拉伸作用的几何特征、伸展的运动学和机制。塔魔尼尔(Tapponnier)等提出(1982)的新生代挤出构造模式很好地解释了中国西部的构造轮廓和地堑系的构成。然而,考虑到早第三纪中国东部盆—岭区总的应变格式,一种大尺度的简单剪切运动模式可能比纯剪断裂模式更为可取。
关键词(KeyWords)：
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 马杏垣,吴大宁,刘德良
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