游雅贤,文华国,郑荣才,罗连超

• 1:成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室
• 2:成都理工大学沉积地质研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

陆地热泉硅华是活动地热环境下,富含硅酸盐热液流体在地表形成的沉积物,其独特的微生物结构及地球化学特征对潜在地热资源、古环境、古气候、早期生命起源等研究具有重要指示意义。尽管近年来地质学家对形成陆地热泉硅华的热源类型、硅华结构特征、共生矿物、同位素及微量元素特征、微生物在成岩中的作用等方面做了不少研究,但由于热泉硅华沉积-成岩过程中受包括热储岩性、热泉水蒸发冷却、pH值改变、微生物生长等复杂外界条件影响,其形成环境、发育特征和控制因素等系列科学问题有待深入探讨。在国内外大量文献调研的基础上,结合近期对云南腾冲热海地热区硅华的研究,综述了目前国内外对陆地热泉硅华的研究进展,总结了陆地热泉硅华具有矿物种类多样、结构形态丰富、地球化学特征复杂、与地热系统热源关系密切等基本特征,还总结了影响陆地热泉硅华形成中冷却、蒸发、pH值、阳离子效应、微生物活动等非生物和生物控制因素,提出了当前陆地热泉硅华研究存在硅华结构成因解释不明确、微生物与热泉硅华微结构间的关系及微量元素和同位素地球化学研究薄弱、人类活动对硅华沉积影响使得研究更复杂等问题,指出下一步应加强同位素分馏、微量元素及常量元素在硅华沉积-成岩中的作用机理研究;通过全面的地球物理-化学-微生物关系分析,明确热泉硅华成因;弄清控制硅华沉积的因素及微生物在硅华生长中的作用;深入了解热泉硅华形成的复杂性及其在全球范围内的相关性,从而更加全面地认识陆地热泉硅华沉积,并为下一步研究提供启示。

关键词(KeyWords)： 热泉硅华;形成环境;岩石矿物学;地球化学;微生物;成岩作用

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(41572097;41002033;41472088)

作者(Author): 游雅贤,文华国,郑荣才,罗连超

DOI: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2019.0108

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