白云岩成因相关问题及主要形成模式Critical Problems for Dolomite Formation and Dolomitization Models
张学丰;胡文瑄;张军涛;
摘要(Abstract):
在综述白云岩成因研究历程和最新成果的基础上,总结阐述了与之相关的4个方面的问题:①尽管白云岩原生沉淀与次生交代成因分歧依旧,但越来越多的证据表明白云岩的形成以次生交代为主;②白云石难以直接沉淀的原因是受结晶动力学条件制约,而非热力学因素;③控制次生交代强度和规模的关键条件是富Mg流体的来源及其量的大小;④微生物活动很可能有助于白云岩的形成。关于白云岩化模式,其核心是构建富Mg流体与先成钙质碳酸盐岩相互作用的条件与场所,其中浓缩正常海水模式、萨布哈模式、混合水模式和埋藏白云岩化模式等具有一定的普遍性。理清白云岩成因问题,对于认识以白云岩及其相关的碳酸盐岩为储层的油气勘探工作尤为重要。
关键词(KeyWords): 白云岩;次生交代;Mg的来源;动力学条件;微生物作用;形成模式
基金项目(Foundation): 国家科技部“973”项目“中国海相碳酸盐岩层系多种储层形成机理与分布模式”(2005CB422103)
作者(Author): 张学丰;胡文瑄;张军涛;
Email:
DOI:
参考文献(References):
- [1]Zenger D H,Dunham J B,Ethington R L.Concepts and Modelsof Dolomitization[M].[S.l.]:Society Economic Paleontolo-gists Mineralogists,Special Publication,1980.
- [2]Sun S Q.Dolomite Reservoirs:Porosity Evolution and Reser-voir Characteristics[J].Am.Assoc.Petrol.Geol.Bull.,1995,79(2):186-204.
- [3]Hardie L A.Dolomitization:A Critical View of Some CurrentViews[J].J.Sediment.Petrol.,1987,57:166-183.
- [4]Warren J.Dolomite:Occurrence,Evolution and Economically Im-portant Associations[J].Earth-Science Review,2000,52:1-81.
- [5]刘淑春,章玉旭,郝梓国,等.白云鄂博赋矿白云岩成因研究历史、问题及新进展[J].地质论评,1999,45(5):477-486.
- [6]Mackenzie J.Holocene Dolomitzation of Calcium CarbonateSediments from the Coastal Sabkhas of Abu Dhabi,U.A.E[J].J.Geol.,1981,89:185-198.
- [7]Mitchell J T,Land L S,Miser D E.Modern Marine DolomiteCement in a North Jamaican Fringing Reef[J].Geology,1987,15:557-560.
- [8]Carballo J B,Land L S,Miser D E.Holocene Dolomitization ofSupratidal Sediments by Active Tidal Pumping,Sugar-LoafKey,Florida[J].J.Sediment.Petrol.,1987,57:153-165.
- [9]Leach D L,Plumlee G S,Hofstra A H,et al.Origin of LateDolomite Cement by CO2-Saturated Deep Basin Brines:Evi-dence from the Ozark Region,Central United States[J].Geol-goy,1991,19:348-351.
- [10]张晓宝.准噶尔盆地南缘东部中二叠统流芦草沟组黑色页岩中白云岩夹层的成因探讨[J].沉积学报,1993,11(2):133-140.
- [11]Deckker P D,Last W M.Modern Dolomite Deposition in Conti-nental,Saline Lakes,Western Victoria,Australia[J].Geology,1988,16:29-32.
- [12]Lundegard P D,Land L S.Carbon Dioxide and InorganicAcids:Their Role in Porosity Enhancement and Cementation,Paleogent of the Texas Gulf[M]∥Gautier D L.Roles of Or-ganic Matter in Sediment Diageneses.[S.l]:SEPM SpecialPublication,1986:38.
- [13]冯增昭.碳酸盐岩岩相古地理学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
- [14]HsüK J.Chemistry of Dolomite Formation[J].Elsevier Dev.Sediment,1967,9b:169-191.
- [15]Lippmann F.Stable and Metastable Solubility Diagrams for theSystem CaCO3-MgCO3-H2O at Ordinary Temperatures[J].Bull.Mineral.,1982,105:273-279.
- [16]Chilingar G V.沉积学进展———碳酸盐岩[M].冯增昭,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1978.
- [17]Land L S.Failure to Precipitate Dolomite at 25 Degrees°C fromDilute Solution Despite 1000-Fold Oversaturation after 32Years[J].Aquat.Geochem.,1998,4(3-4):361-368.
- [18]Sibley D F,Gregg J M.Classification of Dolomite Rock Tex-tures[J].J.Sediment.Petrol.,1987,57:967-975.
- [19]Deelman J C.Low-Temperature Nucleation of Magnesite andDolomite[J].Neues Jahrb.Mineral.,Mh.,Jg.,1999,1999:289-302.
- [20]Deelman J C.Low-Temperature Formation of Dolomite andMagnesite(revised edition in a digital form)[M].Netherlands:Compact Disc Publications Geology Series,2003.
- [21]Land L S.The Origin of Massive Dolomite[J].J.Geol.Educ.,1985,33:112-125.
- [22]Folk R L,Land L S.Mg/Ca Ratio and Salinity:Two Controlson Crystallization of Dolomite[J].Am.Assoc.Petrol.Geol.Bull.,1975,59:60-68.
- [23]Tanaka S,Hatano H,Itasaka O.Biochemical Studies on Pearl:VIII.Occurrence of Calcite,Aragonite and Dolomite in Pearland Shell[J].Bull.Chem.Soc.Japan,1960,33:182-185.
- [24]Mansfield C F.A Urolith of Biogenic Dolomite:Another Cluein the Dolomite Mystery[J].Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta,1980,44:829-839.
- [25]Suess E,von Huene R,Emeis K C,et al.Ocean Drilling Pro-gram Leg 112,Peru Continental Margin:Part 2.SedimentaryHistory and Diagenesis in a Coastal Upwelling Environment[J].Geology,1988,16:939-943.
- [26]Middleburg J J,de Lange G J,Kreulen R.Dolomite Formationin Anoxic Sediments of Kau Bay[J].Indonesia Geology,1990,18:399-402.
- [27]Vasconcelos C,Mackenzie J A,Bernasconi S,et al.MicrobialMediation as a Possible Mechanism for Natural Dolomite For-mation at Low Temperatures[J].Nature,1995,377:220-222.
- [28]Folk R L.SEM Imaging of Bacteria and Nannobacteria in Car-bonate Sediments and Rocks[J].J.Sediment.Petrol.,1993,63:990-999.
- [29]Baker P A,Kastner M.Constraints on the Formation of Sedi-mentary Dolomite[J].Science,1981,213:214-216.
- [30]Vasconcelos C,Mackenzie J A.Microbial Mediation of ModernDolomite Precipitation and Diagenesis Under Anoxic Condi-tions Lagoa Vermelha,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil[J].J.Sediment.Res.,Sect.A,1997,67(3):378-390.
- [31]Morrow D W,Ricketts B D.Experimental Investigation of Sul-fate in Hibition of Dolomite and Its Mineral Analogues[M]∥Shukla V,Baker P A.Sedimentology and Geochemistry of Do-lostones.[S.l.]:Spec.Publ.-SEPM,1988,43:27-38.
- [32]Chafetz H S,Folk R L.Travertines:Depositional Morphologyand the Bacterially Constructed Constituents[J].J.Sediment.Petrol.,1984,54:289-316.
- [33]Daniel W M,Judith A M.Abu D S.Persian Gulf,Revisited:Application of Strontium Isotope to Test an Early Dolomitiza-tion Model[J].Geology,1990,18:618-621.
- [34]Adams J E,Rhodes M L.Dolomitization by Seepage Reflux[J].Am.Assoc.Petrol.Geol.Bull.,1960,44:1 912-1 920.
- [35]Sherman G D,Kanehiro Y,Fujimoto C K.Dolomitization inSemiarid Hawaiian Soils[J].Pacific Science,1947,1:38-44.
- [36]Goodell H G,Garman R K.Carbonate Geochemistry of Superi-or Deep Test Well,Andros Island,Bahamas[J].Am.Assoc.Petrol.Geol.Bull.,1969,53:513-536.
- [37]Hanshow B B,Back W,Deike R G.A Geochemical Hypothesisfor Dolomitization by Groundwater[J].Econ.Geol.,1971,66:710-724.
- [38]Badiozamani K.The Dorag Dolomitization Model:Applicationto the Middle Ordovician of Wisconsin[J].J.Sediment.Pet-rol.,1973,43:965-984.
- [39]Fanning K A,Byrne R H,Breland II J A,et al.GeothermalSprings of the West Florida Continental Shelf-Evidence for Do-lomitization and Radionuclide Enrichment[J].Earth and Plan-etary Sci.Letters,1981,52:345-354.
- [40]Patterson R J,Kinsman D J J.Formation and Diagenetic Dolo-mite in Coastal Sabkha along the Arabian(Persian)Gulf[J].Am.Assoc.Petrol.Geol.Bull.,1982,66:28-43.
- [41]Saller A H.Petrologic and Geochemical Constraints on the Ori-gin of Subsurface Dolomite,Enewetak Atoll:An Example ofDolomitization by Normal Seawater[J].Geology,1984,12:217-220.
- [42]Humphrey J D,Quinn T M.Coastal Mixing Zone Dolomite,Forward Modeling,and Massive Dolomitization of Platform-Margin Carbonates[J].J.Sediment.Petrol.,1989,59:438-454.
- [43]Gill I P,Moore C H,Aharon P.Evaporitic Mixed-Water Do-lomitization on St.Croix,U.S.V.I.[J].J.Sediment.Petrol.,1995,65:591-604.
- [44]Vahrenkamp V C,Swart P K.Late Cenozoic Dolomites of theBahamas:Metastable Analogues for the Genesis of AncientPlatform Dolomites[J].Assoc.Sedimentol.,1994,21:133-153.
- [45]Budd D A.Cenozoic Dolomites of Carbonate Islands;Their At-tributes and Origin[J].Earth Sci.Rev.,1997,42(1-2):1-47.
- [46]HsüK J,Schneider J.Progress Report on Dolomitization-Hy-drology of Abu Dhabi Sabkhas,Arabian Gulf,The PersianGulf[M].New York:Springer,1973:409-422.
- [47]Bush P.Some Aspects of the Diagenetic History of the Sabkhain Abu Dhabi,Persian Gulf[M]∥Purser B H.The PersianGulf,Holocene Carbonate Sedimentation and Diagenesis in aShallow Epicontinental Sea.New York:Springer,1973:395-407.
- [48]Runnells D D.Diagenesis,Chemical Sediments,and the Mixingof Natural Waters[J].J.Sediment.Petrol.,1969,39:1 188-1 201.
- [49]Land L S.Holocene Meteoric Dolomitization of PleistoceneLimestones,North Jamaica[J].Sedimentology,1973,20:411-424.
- [50]Land L S.Dolomitization of the Hope Gate Formation(NorthJamaica)by Seawater:Reassessment of Mixing Zone Dolomite[J].Geochem.Soc.Spec.Publ.,1991,3:121-133.
- [51]Ward W C,Halley R B.Dolomitization in a Mixing Zone ofNear-Seawater Composition,Late Pleistocene,NortheasternYucatan Peninsula[J].J.Sediment.Petrol.,1985,55:407-420.
- [52]Kaufman J.Numerical Models of Fluid Flow in Carbonate Plat-forms-Implications for Dolomitization[J].J.Sediment.Res.,Sect.A,1994,64(1):128-139.
- [53]Shields M J,Brady P V.Mass Balance and Fluid Flow Con-straints on Regional-Scale Dolomitization,Late Devonian,Western Canada Sedimentary Basin[J].Bull.Can.Petrol.Ge-ol.,1995,43(4):371-392.
- [54]Gao G,Land L S,Elmore R D.Multiple Episodes of Dolomiti-zation in the Arbuckle Group,Arbuckle Mountains,South-Cen-tral Oklahoma:Field,Petrographic,and Geochemical Evidence[J].J.Sediment.Res.,Sect.A,1995,65(2):321-331.
- [55]Machel H G,Burton E A.Burial-Diagenetic Sabkha-Like Gyp-sum and Anhydrite Nodules[J].Chem.Geol.,1991,90:211-231.
- [56]Lee Y I,Friedman G M.Deep-Burial Dolomitization in the Or-dovician Ellenberger Group Carbonates,West Texas andSoutheastern New Mexico-Reply[J].J.Sediment.Petrol.,1988,58:910-913.
- [57]Kupecz J A,Land L S.Progressive Recrystallization and Stabi-lization of Early-Stage Dolomite:Lower Ordovician EllenburgerGroup,West Texas[M]∥Purser B,Tucker M,Zenger D.Dol-omites:A Volume in Honor of Dolomieu.Cambridge:Black-well Scientific Publications,Spec.Publ.Int.Assoc.Sedimen-tol.,1994:255-279.
- [58]AGI(American Geological Institute).Illustrated Dictionaryof Earth Science[M].[S.l.]:American Geological Institute,1999.
- [59]Radke B M,Mathis R L.On the Formation and Occurrence ofSaddle Dolomite[J].J.Sediment.Petrol.,1980,50:1 149-1 168.
- [60]Machel H G,Lonnee J.Hydrothermal Dolomite:A Product ofPoor Definition and Imagination[J].Sedimentary Geology,2002,152:163-171.