何雨江;靳孟贵;刘延锋;汪丙国;

• 1:中国地质大学环境学院

摘要(Abstract)：

通过研究土壤盐分的空间变异,快速准确获取土壤盐分的空间分布是精准农业和环境保护的基础。使用土壤电导率仪(PET2000)网格法在50 m×70 m面积的田块内布点(网格边长5 m),测量棉田表层土壤(0~25 cm深度,每5 cm为一层)电导率;应用ArcGIS9.2中地统计学模块构建、筛选和验证模型;利用地统计学方法研究表层土壤盐分的空间变异规律,进行空间分布预测,并针对棉田表层积盐问题提出了相应的解决措施。结果表明:克里格(Kriging)插值方法中的Rational Quadratic模型适宜预测表层土壤电导率,区内棉田表层盐分的空间变异特征明显,变异系数达到0.578,土壤盐分的空间变异性随深度增大逐渐降低;产生空间变异的主要原因是土壤岩性的空间差异和微咸水灌溉;解决棉田局部积盐的措施是根据土壤盐分空间差异特征的分析与预测进行适时定位灌溉,从而合理利用水资源并改善作物生长环境。

关键词(KeyWords)： 土壤盐分;空间变异;棉田;克里格插值方法;土壤电导率仪

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD38B01);; 国家自然科学基金项目(40802056)

作者(Author): 何雨江;靳孟贵;刘延锋;汪丙国;

Email:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Burgess T M,Webster R.Opti mal interpolation and isarith-mic mapping of soil properties[J].Soil Sci.,1980,31:315-341.
• [2]陈亚新,史海滨,魏占民,等.土壤水盐信息空间变异的预测理论与条件模拟[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
• [3]White J G,Welch R M,Novell W A.Soil Zn map of USAusing geostatistics and geographic information systems[J].Soil.Sci.Soc.Am.,1997,61:185-194.
• [4]Bolland MD A,Allen D G.Spatial variation of soil test phos-phorus and potassium,oxalate-extractableiron and aluminum,phosphorus-retentionindex and organic carbon content in soilsof western Australia[J].Communication Soil Science andPlant Analysis,1998,29(3):381-392.
• [5]师荣光,赵玉杰,周启星,等.苏北优势农业区土壤砷含量空间变异性研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(1):80-84.
• [6]Carter E S,White S M,Wilson A M,et al.Variation ingroundwater salinity in a tidal salt marsh basin,North InletEstuary,South Carolina[J].Estuarine,Coastal and ShelfScience,2008,76(3):543-552.
• [7]Chandrasekharan H,Sarangi A,Nagarajan M,et al.Varia-bility of soil-water quality due to Tsunami-2004 in the coastalbelt of Nagapattinamdistrict,Tamilnadu[J].Journal of En-vironmental Management,2008,89(1):63-72.
• [8]Ji mnez-Crceles F J,lvarez-Rogel J.Phosphorus fractiona-tion and distributionin salt marsh soils affected by mine wastesand eutrophicated water:Acase study in SE Spain[J].Geo-derma,2008,144(1/2):299-309.
• [9]Marion G M,Verburg P S J,McDonald E V,et al.Modelingsalt movement through a Mojave Desert soil[J].Journal ofArid Environments,2008,72(6):1 012-1 033.
• [10]刘延锋,靳孟贵,金英春,等.新疆焉耆盆地土壤盐渍化特征分析[J].水土保持通报,2004,24(1):49-52.
• [11]Montemayor MB,Price J S,Rochefort L,et al.Temporal varia-tions and spatial patterns in saline and waterlogged peat fields:1.Survival and growth of salt marsh graminoids[J].Environmentaland Experimental Botany,2008,62(3):333-342.
• [12]Moreno-Mateos D,Com姫n F A,Pedrocchi C,et al.Effects ofwetland construction on nutrient,SOM and salt content insemi-arid zones degraded byintensive agricultural use[J].Ap-plied Soil Ecology,2008,40(1):57-66.
• [13]Muller A L,Vargas Jr E D A,Vaz L E,et al.Three-di men-sional analysis of boreholes considering spatial variability ofproperties and poroelastoplasticity[J].Journal of PetroleumScience and Engineering,2009,68(3/4):268-276.
• [14]靳孟贵,张人权,高云福,等.土壤水资源的特性及若干指标[J].地质科技情报,1997,16(2):73-78.
• [15]靳孟贵,张人权,孙连发,等.黑龙港地区农业-水资源-环境系统分析[J].地质科技情报,1998,17(增刊2):94-100.
• [16]汪丙国,靳孟贵.夏玉米田土壤水分-养分-盐分剖面二维数值模拟[J].地质科技情报,2002,21(1):55-60.
• [17]郭会荣,靳孟贵,高云福.冬小麦田咸水灌溉与土壤盐分调控试验[J].地质科技情报,2002,21(1):61-65.
• [18]汪丙国,靳孟贵,王文峰.冬小麦田不同调控措施下的土壤水蒸发量分析[J].地质科技情报,2006,25(1):78-82.
• [19]何雨江,汪丙国,王在敏,等.棉花微咸水膜下滴灌灌溉制度的研究[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(7):14-20.
• [20]汤国安,杨昕.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
• [21]Levitt J.Responses of plants to environmental stresses:Chill-ing,freezing,and high temperature stresses[M].NewYork:Academic Press,1980.