程聪;姜涛;匡增桂;杨承志;

• 1:中国地质大学(武汉)海洋学院
• 2:中国地质大学(武汉)构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室
• 3:中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局

摘要(Abstract)：

油气资源在能源结构中具有举足轻重的作用,其成因机制及勘探思路已发展出了完善的系统理论——含油气系统理论,而天然气水合物作为潜在替代清洁能源,其勘探理论尚处于探索阶段。借鉴含油气系统理论,注重与常规油气成藏的差异性分析,在系统分析全球已发现天然气水合物主要研究区的天然气水合物特征基础上,从气体来源、气体运移通道、有利储层等方面对天然气水合物成藏机理进行了系统梳理,以探究天然气水合物系统特征。提出天然气水合物系统应包括气源、储层和天然气水合物稳定带3个基本要素以及气体生成-运移过程和天然气水合物形成过程2个基本作用;冻土带内气体来源以热解气为主,海洋环境中则以生物气或热解气和生物气的混合气为主;气体运移通道主要为流体底辟、气烟囱、大尺度断层、裂缝、滑塌构造及高渗透性地层等;天然气水合物储层在冻土带以砂岩为主,在海域则以黏土质粉沙及粉沙质黏土为主;综合全球各区域天然气水合物成藏特征,提出了9种类型天然气水合物系统,同时以我国神狐海域天然气水合物系统为例总结出了天然气水合物系统成藏事件表。

关键词(KeyWords)： 天然气水合物系统;气源;运移通道;储层;成藏模式

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(41476032);; 中国地质调查项目(DD20189310)

作者(Author): 程聪;姜涛;匡增桂;杨承志;

Email:

DOI: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2019.0405

参考文献(References)：

• [1] Kvenvolden K A.Gas hydrates geological perspective and global change[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1993,31(2):173-187.
• [2] Sloan Jr E D,Koh C.Clathrate hydrates of natural gases[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,2007.
• [3] Beaudoin Y C,Waite W,Boswell R,et al.Frozen heat:A UNEP global outlook on methane gas hydrates[J].United Nations Environment Programme,GRID-Arendal,2014,29:1-76.
• [4] Xu W,Germanovich L N.Excess pore pressure resulting from methane hydrate dissociation in marine sediments:A theoretical approach[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,2006,111(B1):1-2.
• [5] 吴能友,梁金强,王宏斌,等.海洋天然气水合物成藏系统研究进展[J].现代地质,2008,22(3):356-362.
• [6] Dickens G R,O'Neil J R,Rea D K,et al.Dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate as a cause of the carbon isotope excursion at the end of the Paleocene[J].Paleoceanography,1995,10(6):965-971.
• [7] Farrimond P.Massive dissociation of gas hydrate during a Jurassic oceanic anoxic event[J].Nature,2000,406:392-395.
• [8] Maslin M,Owen M,Day S,et al.Linking continental-slope failures and climate change:Testing the clathrate gun hypothesis[J].Geology,2004,32(1):53-56.
• [9] Magoon L B,Dow W G.The petroleum system Chapter 1:Part I.Introduction[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,77:3-24.
• [10] Milkov A V,Claypool G E,Lee Y J,et al.Gas hydrate systems at Hydrate Ridge offshore Oregon inferred from molecular and isotopic properties of hydrate-bound and void gases[J].Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta,2005,69(4):1007-1026.
• [11] 卢振权,吴能友,陈建文,等.试论天然气水合物成藏系统[J].现代地质,2008,22(3):363-375.
• [12] Collett T S,Johnson A H,Knapp C C,et al.Natural gas hydrates:A review[J].Browse Collections,2009,89:146-219.
• [13] 卜庆涛,胡高伟,业渝光,等.天然气水合物成藏体系研究进展[J].新能源进展,2015,3(6):435-443.
• [14] 赵文智,何登发.含油气系统理论在油气勘探中的应用[J].中国石油勘探,1996,2:12-19.
• [15] 陈骥,刘晖,姜在兴,等.天然气水合物含油气系统的形成条件、研究方法及实例分析[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(6):143-148.
• [16] 祝有海.气体水合物的晶体结构和成因动力学[J].矿床地质,1998,17(增刊3):499-502.
• [17] 龚建明,张敏,陈建文,等.天然气水合物发现区和潜在区气源成因[J].现代地质,2008,22(3):415-419.
• [18] Kvenvolden K A.A review of the geochemistry of methane in natural gas hydrate[J].Organic Geochemistry,1995,23(11/12):997-1008.
• [19] 付少英.烃类成因对天然气水合物成藏的控制[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):263-267.
• [20] Boswell R,Collett T.The gas hydrates resource pyramid[J].Natural Gas & Oil,2006,304:285-4541.
• [21] 乔少华,苏明,杨睿,等.海域天然气水合物钻探研究进展及启示:储集层特征[J].新能源进展,2015,3(5):357-366.
• [22] Noguchi S,Shimoda N,Takano O,et al.3-D internal architecture of methane hydrate-bearing turbidite channels in the eastern Nankai Trough,Japan[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2011,28(10):1817-1828.
• [23] Sassen R,Joye S,Sweet S T,et al.Thermogenic gas hydrates and hydrocarbon gases in complex chemosynthetic communities,Gulf of Mexico continental slope[J].Organic Geochemistry,1999,30(7):485-497.
• [24] Kvenvolden K A.Methane hydrate:A major reservoir of carbon in the shallow geosphere?[J].Chemical Geology,1988,71(1):41-51.
• [25] 何家雄,陈胜红,刘海龄,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷北坡-番禺低隆起天然气成因类型及其烃源探讨[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):16-21.
• [26] Collett T S.Gas hydrate petroleum systems in marine and arctic permafrost environments[C]//Unconventional Energy Resources:Marking the unconventional conventional:29th Annual GCSSEPM Proceedings.Houston,Texas:Gulf Coast Section of the Society of Economic Paleontilogies and Mineralogists Foundation,2009:6-30.
• [27] Huang B J,Xiao X M,Dong W L.Multiphase natural gas migration and accumulation and its relationship to diapir structures in the DF1-1 gas field,South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2002,19(7):861-872.
• [28] 吴能友,杨胜雄,王宏斌,等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域天然气水合物成藏的流体运移体系[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1641-1650.
• [29] 吴时国,龚跃华,米立军,等.南海北部深水盆地油气渗漏系统及天然气水合物成藏机制研究[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):433-440.
• [30] 张伟.南海北部主要盆地泥底辟/泥火山发育演化与油气及天然气水合物成矿成藏[D].广州:中国科学院研究生院(广州地球化学研究所),2016.
• [31] Kvenvolden K A.Gas hydrates as a potential energy resource-A review of their methane content,the future of energy gases[J].Usgs Prof.Paper,1993,1570:555-561.
• [32] 王力峰,付少英,梁金强,等.全球主要国家水合物探采计划与研究进展[J].中国地质,2017,44(3):439-448.
• [33] 杨胜雄,梁金强,陆敬安,等.南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物成藏特征及主控因素新认识[J].地学前缘,2017,24(4):1-14.
• [34] 何家雄,祝有海,陈胜红,等.天然气水合物成因类型及成矿特征与南海北部资源前景[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(2):66-70.
• [35] 吴能友,张海啟,杨胜雄,等.南海神狐海域天然气水合物成藏系统初探[J].天然气工业,2007,27(9):1-6.
• [36] 张伟,梁金强,陆敬安,等.中国南海北部神狐海域高饱和度天然气水合物成藏特征及机制[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(5).
• [37] 龚跃华,杨胜雄,王宏斌,等.南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物成藏特征[J].现代地质,2009,23(2):210-216.
• [38] Yu X,Wang J,Liang J,et al.Depositional characteristics and accumulation model of gas hydrates in northern South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2014,56(3):74-86.
• [39] 苏明,杨睿,吴能友,等.南海北部陆坡区神狐海域构造特征及对水合物的控制[J].地质学报,2014,88(3):318-326.
• [40] 何家雄,颜文,祝有海,等.南海北部边缘盆地生物气/亚生物气资源与天然气水合物成矿成藏[J].天然气工业,2013,33(6):121-134.
• [41] 文怀军,卢振权,李永红,等.青海木里三露天井田天然气水合物调查研究新进展[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):983-994.
• [42] 庞守吉.祁连山木里天然气水合物钻孔沉积构造特征及与水合物分布关系研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.
• [43] 王伟超,卢振权,李永红,等.青海木里三露天天然气水合物分布与储层特征[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):1035-1046.
• [44] 李永红,王伟超,卢振权,等.青海木里三露天地区天然气水合物资源量初步评价[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):1251-1258.
• [45] Collett T S.Natural gas hydrates of the Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk River area,North Slope,Alaska[J].AAPG Bulletin,1993,77(5):793-812.
• [46] Inks T L,Lee M W,Agena W F,et al.Seismic prospecting for gas hydrate and associated free-gas prospects in the Milne Point area of northern Alaska[C]//Collett T,Johnson A,Knapp C,et al.Natural gas hydrates:Energy resource potential and associated geologic hazards.AAPG Memoir 89,2009:555-583.
• [47] 陈多福,王茂春,徐文新,等.墨西哥湾西北陆坡天然气水合物资源评价[J].海洋地质前沿,2003,19(12):14-17.
• [48] Ginsburg G D,Soloviev V A.Methane migration within the submarine gas-hydrate stability zone under deep-water conditions[J].Marine Geology,1997,137(1):49-57.
• [49] Brooks J M,Anderson A L,Sassen R,et al.Hydrate occurrences in shallow subsurface cores from continental slope sediments[J].Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1994,715(1):381-391.
• [50] Milkov A V,Sassen R.Estimate of gas hydrate resource,northwestern Gulf of Mexico continental slope[J].Marine Geology,2001,179(1):71-83.
• [51] Hutchinson D R,Hart P E,Ruppel C D,et al.Seismic and thermal characterization of a bottom simulating reflection in the Northern Gulf of Mexico[C]//Collett T,Johnson A,Knapp C,et al.Natural gas hydrates:Energy resource potential and associated geologic hazards.AAPG Memoir 89,2009:266-286.
• [52] Cook A E,Goldberg D,Kleinberg R L.Fracture-controlled gas hydrate systems in the northern Gulf of Mexico[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2008,25(9):932-941.
• [53] Boswell R,Frye M,Shelander D,et al.Architecture of gas-hydrate-bearing sands from Walker Ridge 313,Green Canyon 955,and Alaminos Canyon 21:Northern deepwater Gulf of Mexico[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2012,34(1):134-149.
• [54] Heeschen K U,Collier R W,Angelis M A D,et al.Methane sources,distributions,and fluxes from cold vent sites at Hydrate Ridge,Cascadia Margin[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2005,19(2):1-19.
• [55] Tréhu A M,Flemings P B,Bangs N L,et al.Feeding methane vents and gas hydrate deposits at south Hydrate Ridge[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(23):345-357.
• [56] Heeschen K U,Tréhu A M,Collier R W,et al.Distribution and height of methane bubble plumes on the Cascadia Margin characterized by acoustic imaging[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2003,30(12):1643.
• [57] Liu X,Flemings P B.Passing gas through the hydrate stability zone at southern Hydrate Ridge,offshore Oregon[J].Earth & Planetary Science Letters,2006,241(1/2):211-226.
• [58] 苏新,宋成兵,方念乔.东太平洋水合物海岭BSR以上沉积物粒度变化与气体水合物分布[J].地学前缘,2005,12(1):234-242.
• [59] Tsunogai U,Yoshida N,Gamo T.Carbon isotopic evidence of methane oxidation through sulfate reduction in sediment beneath cold seep vents on the seafloor at Nankai Trough[J].Marine Geology,2002,187(1/2):145-160.
• [60] Colwell F,Matsumoto R,Reed D.A review of the gas hydrates,geology,and biology of the Nankai Trough[J].Chemical Geology,2004,205(3/4):391-404.
• [61] Tsuji T,Ashi J,Ikeda Y.Strike-slip motion of a mega-splay fault system in the Nankai oblique subduction zone[J].Earth Planets & Space,2014,66(1):1-14.
• [62] Milkov A V.Worldwide distribution of submarine mud volcanoes and associated gas hydrates[J].Marine Geology,2000,167(1):29-42.
• [63] Hamamoto H,Yamano M,Goto S,et al.Heat flow distribution and thermal structure of the Nankai subduction zone off the Kii Peninsula[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2013,12(10):1-22.
• [64] Jia J,Tsuji T,Matsuoka T.Gas hydrate saturation and distribution in the Kumano Forearc Basin of the Nankai Trough[J].Exploration Geophysics,2016,48(2):137-150.
• [65] Fujii T,Saeki T,Kobayashi T,et al.Resource assessment of methane hydrate in the Eastern Nankai Trough,Japan[C]//Proceedings of 2008 Offshore Technology Conference.Houston,Texas,USA:[s.n.],2008:1-15.
• [66] Dallimore S R,Collett T S.Scientific results from the mallik 2002 gas hydrate production research well program,Mackenzie Delta,northwest territories,Canada[J].Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada,2005,585:1-16.
• [67] Majorowicz J,Osadetz K,Safanda J.Gas hydrate formation and dissipation histories in the northern margin of Canada:Beaufort-Mackenzie and the Sverdrup Basins[J].Journal of Geological Research,2012:1176-1182.
• [68] Majorowicz J A,Hannigan P K.Stability zone of natural gas hydrates in a permafrost-bearing region of the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin:Study of a feasible energy source1 (Geological Survey of Canada Contribution No.1999275)[J].Natural Resources Research,2000,9(1):3-26.
• [69] Lane L S,Dietrich J R.Tertiary structural evolution of the Beaufort Sea-Mackenzie Delta region,Arctic Canada[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1995,43(3):293-314.
• [70] 刘杰,孙美静,杨睿,等.马更些三角洲冻土区天然气水合物成藏的地质控制因素[J].新能源进展,2018,6(1):47-54.
• [71] Ryu B J,Riedel M,Kim J H,et al.Gas hydrates in the western deep-water Ulleung Basin,East Sea of Korea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(8):1483-1498.
• [72] Dong G Y,Kang N K,Yi B Y,et al.Occurrence and seismic characteristics of gas hydrate in the Ulleung Basin,East Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,47(11):236-247.
• [73] Kim G Y,Narantsetseg B,Ryu B J,et al.Fracture orientation and induced anisotropy of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in seismic chimney-like-structures of the Ulleung Basin,East Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,47(11):182-194.
• [74] Holland M,Schultheiss P,Roberts J,et al.Observed gas hydrate morphologies in marine sediments[C]//Anon.6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Chevron.Vancouver,BC,Canada:[s.n.],2008:6-10.
• [75] Bahk J J,Kim D H,Chun J H,et al.Gas hydrate occurrences and their relation to host sediment properties:Results from Second Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Drilling Expedition,East Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,47(11):21-29.
• [76] Kumar P,Collett T S,Boswell R,et al.Geologic implications of gas hydrates in the offshore of India:Krishna-Godavari Basin,Mahanadi Basin,Andaman Sea,Kerala-Konkan Basin[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2014,58(A):29-98.
• [77] Lorenson T D,Collett T S.National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 offshore India:Gas hydrate systems as revealed by hydrocarbon gas geochemistry[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2018,92:477-492.
• [78] Ramana M V,Ramprasad T,Paropkari A L,et al.Multidisciplinary investigations exploring indicators of gas hydrate occurrence in the Krishna-Godavari Basin offshore,east coast of India[J].Geo-Marine Letters,2009,29(1):25-38.
• [79] Riedel M,Collett T S,Kumar P,et al.Seismic imaging of a fractured gas hydrate system in the Krishna-Godavari Basin offshore India[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2010,27(7):1476-1493.
• [80] 张卫东,王瑞和,任韶然,等.由麦索雅哈水合物气田的开发谈水合物的开采[J].石油钻探技术,2007,35(4):94-96.
• [81] Makogon Y F,Holditch S A,Makogon T Y.Natural gas-hydrates:A potential energy source for the 21st Century[J].Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering,2007,56(1):14-31.
• [82] 吴传芝,赵克斌,孙长青,等.天然气水合物开采研究现状[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(1):47-52.
• [83] 付少英,陆敬安.神狐海域天然气水合物的特征及其气源[J].海洋地质前沿,2010,26(9):6-10.
• [84] Naehr T H,Rodriguez N M,Bohrmann G,et al.Methane-derived authigenic carbonates associated with gas hydrate decomposition and fluid venting above the Blake Ridge Diapir[J].Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results,2000,164:285-300.
• [85] Lanoil B D,Sassen R,Duc M T L,et al.Bacteria and Archaea physically associated with Gulf of Mexico gas hydrates[J].Applied & Environmental Microbiology,2001,67(11):5143-5153.
• [86] Choi J,Kim J H,Torres M E,et al.Gas origin and migration in the Ulleung Basin,East Sea:Results from the Second Ulleung Basin gas hydrate drilling expedition (UBGH2)[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,47:113-124.
• [87] Majorowicz J A,Hannigan P K.Natural gas hydrates in the offshore Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin—Study of a feasible energy source II[J].Natural Resources Research,2000,9(3):201-214.