朱如凯;吴松涛;崔景伟;白斌;杨智;惠潇;冯佳睿;苏玲;时文;王晓瑞;

• 1:中国石油勘探开发研究院
• 2:国家能源致密油气研发中心
• 3:中国石油天然气集团公司油气储层重点实验室
• 4:中国石油长庆油田分公司

摘要(Abstract)：

常规-非常规油气协同发展引发储集体类型的多样性,品质整体变差,孔隙结构更为复杂,亟需建立相对统一的孔隙结构评价方案,为储层评价与甜点区优选提供技术支持。基于岩石孔隙结构解剖,提出"孔隙结构四分法"评价方案,将孔隙系统分为毫米孔(大于1mm)、微米孔(1~1 000μm)、亚微米孔(100~1 000nm)及纳米孔(小于100nm);明确了不同类型孔隙系统发育位置、流体作用力及流动机理,建立了对应的分析评价技术。解剖了克拉2气田巴什基齐克组常规砂岩、新安边油田长7段致密砂岩、川中大安寨段介壳灰岩、川南龙马溪组页岩4类储层,明确了各储层类型孔隙结构的差异性及不同级别孔隙所占比例,探讨了孔隙结构对储层物性、资源经济性及开发工艺的影响;孔隙结构分级研究需与储层有效性评价紧密结合,特征尺度决定流体相态与作用力,影响流体可动性及油气开发工艺。进一步加强孔隙分级评价关键界限值的研究,完善孔隙结构表征技术的融合,建立孔隙结构与岩性和产能的定量关系是未来研究的重点。

关键词(KeyWords)： 油气储层;孔隙尺寸;孔隙结构;常规-非常规;纳米孔

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目“中国陆相致密油(页岩油)形成机理与富集规律”(2014CB239000);; 国家科技重大专项“岩性地层油气藏成藏规律、关键技术及目标评价”(2011ZX05001)

作者(Author): 朱如凯;吴松涛;崔景伟;白斌;杨智;惠潇;冯佳睿;苏玲;时文;王晓瑞;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Archie G E.Introduction to petrophysics of reservoir rocks[J].AAPG Bulletin,1950,34:943-961.
• [2]McCreesh C A,Erlich R,Crabtree S J.Petrography and reservoir physics 2:Relating thin section porosity to capillary pressure,the association between pore types and throat size[J].AAPG Bulletin,1991,75:1563-1578.
• [3]裘亦楠,薛叔浩,应凤祥.中国陆相油气储集层[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:20-350.
• [4]赵澄林.中国天然气储层[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:1-228.
• [5]陈丽华.油气储层研究技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:1-343.
• [6]蒋有录,查明.石油天然气地质与勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:97-135.
• [7]Desbois G,Urai J L,Kukla P A.Morphology of the pore space in claystones-evidence from BIB/FIB ion beam sectioning and cryo-SEM observations[J].Earth Discussions,2009(4):15-22.
• [8]Nelson P H.Pore-throat sizes in sandstones,tight sandstones,and shales[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(3):329-340.
• [9]李易隆,何东博,郭建林,等.松南长岭断陷登娄库组致密砂岩储层发育主控因素及孔隙演化模式[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(4):72-85.
• [10]Slatt E M,O′Neal N R.Pore types in the Barnett and Woodford gas shale:Contribution to understanding gas storage and migration pathways in fine-grained rocks[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(12):2017-2030.
• [11]Aguilera R.Flow units:from conventional to tight gas to shale gas to tight oil to shale oil reservoirs[J].SPE,2013,165360.
• [12]Jarvie D M,Hill RJ,Ruble T E,et al.Unconventional shale-gas systems:The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499.
• [13]Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel S C,et al.Morphology,genesis,and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in Siliceous mudstones of the Mississipian Barnett shale[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2009,79:848-861.
• [14]蒋裕强,陈林,蒋婵,等.致密储层孔隙结构表征技术及发展趋势[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(3):63-70.
• [15]Sisk C,Diaz E,Walls J,et al.3Dvisualization and classification of pore structure and pore filling in gas shales[J].SPE,2010,134582.
• [16]Gareth R C,Bustin R M,Power I M.Characterization of gas shale pore systems by porosimetry,pycnometry,surface area,and field emission scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy image analyses:Examples from the Barnett,Woodford,Haynesville,Marcellus,and Doig units[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(6):1099-1119.
• [17]邹才能,朱如凯,白斌,等.中国油气储层中纳米孔首次发现及其科学价值[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):1857-1864.
• [18]朱如凯,白斌,崔景伟,等.非常规油气致密储集层微观结构研究进展[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):615-623.
• [19]白斌,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.非常规油气致密储层微观孔喉结构表征新技术及意义[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(3):78-86.
• [20]伍岳,樊太亮,蒋恕,等.海相页岩储层微观孔隙体系表征技术及分类方案[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(4):91-97.
• [21]Silin D,Kneafsey T.Shale gas:Nanometer-scale observations and well modeling[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2012,51(6):464-475.
• [22]Aguilera.Flow units:From conventional to tight gas to shale gas reservoirs[J].SPE,2013,132845.
• [23]贾承造,郑民,张永峰.中国非常规油气资源与勘探开发前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):129-136.
• [24]邹才能,陶士振,侯连华,等.非常规油气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2011:1-309.
• [25]邹才能,杨智,陶士振,等.纳米油气与源储共生型油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):13-26.
• [26]邹才能,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.常规与非常规油气聚集类型、特征、机理及展望[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):173-187.
• [27]邹才能,陶士振,侯连华,等.非常规油气地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2014:1-435.
• [28]黄金亮,邹才能,李建忠,等.川南下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩气形成条件及资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):69-75.
• [29]康玉柱.中国非常规泥页岩油气藏特征及勘探前景展望[J].天然气工业,2012,32(4):1-5.
• [30]Passey Q R,Bohacs K M,Esch W L,et al.My source rock is now my reservoir-geologic and petrophysical characterization of shale-gas reservoirs[C]∥Anon.AAPG Search and Discovery Article.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2012:80231.
• [31]Milner M,McLin R,Petriello J.Imaging texture and porosity in mudstones and shales:Comparison of secondary and ion milled backscatter SEM methods[C]∥Anon.Canadian Unconventional Resources&International Petroleum Conference.Alberta:Canada.Canadian Society for Unconventional Gas,CUSG/SSPE,2010:138975.
• [32]Curtis M E,Ambrose R J,Sondergeld C H,et al.Investigating the microstructure of gas shales by FIB/SEM tomography&STEM Imaging[C]∥Anon.AAPG 2012 Annual Conference and Exhibition,Long Beach,CA,USA:[s.n.],2012.
• [33]Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel S C,et al.Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(6):1071-1098.
• [34]崔景伟,邹才能,朱如凯,等.页岩孔隙研究新进展[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(12):1319-1325.
• [35]Ambrose R J,Hartman R C,Diaz-Campos M,et al.New porescale considerations for shale gas in place calculations[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of SPE Unconventional Gas Conference.Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania:SPE,131772,2010:17.
• [36]Utpalenda K,Manika P.Surface area and pore-size distribution in clays and shales[J].SPE,2011,146869.
• [37]Murphy M,Daniels J,Cole D,et al.Pore Distribution in the Ordovician Shale of the Utica Point Pleasant Sub-Basin[C]∥Anon.AAPG search and discovery article.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2012:50605.
• [38]Ganzer L,Qi M,Schatzmann S,et al.Evaluation of digital rock methodology to complement rock laboratory experiments[J].Oil Gas European Magazine,2013,39(1):43-47.
• [39]Sing K S.Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity[J].Pure and Applied Chemistry,1985,57:603-619.
• [40]唐辉明.工程地质学基础[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008:1-310.
• [41]Gan H,Nandi S P,Walker P L.Nature of porosity in American coals[J].Fuel,1972,51:272-277.
• [42]ХодотH B.天然气地质学[M].戴金星,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1986:1-150.
• [43]张红日,刘常洪.吸附回线与煤的孔结构分析[J].煤炭工程师,1993,2:23-27.
• [44]桑树勋,朱炎铭,张时音,等.煤吸附气体的固气作用机理(I):煤孔隙结构与固气作用[J].天然气工业,2005,25(1):13-15.
• [45]傅雪海,秦勇,周荣福,等.采动影响区煤层动态含气量数值模拟[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(3):259-362.
• [46]Choquette P W,Pray L C.Geologic nomenclature and classification of porosity in sedimentary carbonates[J].AAPG bulletin,1970,54(2):207-250.
• [47]Martin A J,Solomon S T,Hartmann D J.Characterization of petrophysical flow units in carbonate reservoirs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81(5):734-759.
• [48]Hartmann D J,Beaumont E A.Predicting reservoir system quality and performance:In exploring for oil and gas traps[C]∥Beaumont E A.AAPG Treatise of Petroleum Geology.[S.l.]:Handbook of Petroleum Geology and Norman H.Foster,1999:1-154.
• [49]任延广,王成,吴海波,等.油气储层评价方法SY/T6285-2011[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.
• [50]袭亦楠,薛叔浩,应凤祥,等.油气储层评价技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
• [51]贾承造,周新源,王招明,等.克拉2气田石油地质特征[J].科学通报,2002,(增刊):91-96.
• [52]贾进华,顾家裕.克拉2气田优质砂岩储层控制因素与孔隙演化[J].科学通报,2002,(增刊):97-103.
• [53]韩登林,李忠,寿建峰.背斜构造不同部位储集层物性差异[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(2):282-286.
• [54]杨华,李士祥,刘显阳.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油、页岩油特征及资源潜力[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):1-11.
• [55]邹才能,董大忠,王社教,等.中国页岩气形成机理、地质特征及资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):641-653.